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Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Salish, Coast Fiber, Caulking Material
Pitch used to patch canoes or water vessels.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Salish, Coast Other, Fuel
Bark used as a top quality fuel.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Salish, Coast Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Knots steamed, placed in hollow kelp stems overnight and bent to make halibut and cod hooks.
Turner, Nancy Chapman and Marcus A. M. Bell, 1971, The Ethnobotany of the Coast Salish Indians of Vancouver Island, I and II, Economic Botany 25(1):63-104, 335-339, page 71
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Shuswap Food, Sweetener
Sap used as a sugar like food.
Palmer, Gary, 1975, Shuswap Indian Ethnobotany, Syesis 8:29-51, page 52
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Tewa Other, Ceremonial Items
Branches used in almost all dances.
Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 42
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Tewa Other, Ceremonial Items
Twig used as part of the headdress worn in dances.
Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 42
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Tewa of Hano Other, Ceremonial Items
Branches and twigs used in almost all the winter dances.
Robbins, W.W., J.P. Harrington and B. Freire-Marreco, 1916, Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians, SI-BAE Bulletin #55, page 42
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Drug, Antirheumatic (External)
Heated branches or moxa of bough tips and needles used for rheumatism.
Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Drug, Antirheumatic (External)
Moxa of ashes or ash and fat salve used for rheumatism.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Drug, Cold Remedy
Infusion of plant top used for colds.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid
Poultice of pitch used for cuts, boils and other skin ailments.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid
Shoots used in the tips of moccasins to keep the feet from perspiring and to prevent athletes foot.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Drug, Dermatological Aid
Twig ashes mixed with grease and used as a general ointment or salve.
Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Drug, Disinfectant
Decoction of branches and twigs used as a purifying body wash in sweathouse.
Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 505
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Drug, Diuretic
Decoction of twigs taken as a diuretic.
Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 475
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Drug, Kidney Aid
Decoction of twigs or shoots taken as a kidney remedy.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Drug, Oral Aid
Peeled plant tops chewed, especially by young people at puberty, as a mouth freshener.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Drug, Orthopedic Aid
Poultice of pitch used for injured or dislocated bones.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Drug, Tonic
Decoction of young twigs and leaves used for the tonic properties.
Steedman, E.V., 1928, The Ethnobotany of the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, SI-BAE Annual Report #45:441-522, page 494
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Drug, Urinary Aid
Decoction of twigs or shoots taken as a bladder remedy.
Perry, F., 1952, Ethno-Botany of the Indians in the Interior of British Columbia, Museum and Art Notes 2(2):36-43., page 42
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Fiber, Building Material
Logs considered important for construction.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Fiber, Building Material
Young, second growth boughs used to make early summer lodges.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Fiber, Caulking Material
Pitch used for caulking canoes.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding
Boughs used as floor coverings for lodges and sweathouses. The boughs were generally mixed with juniper and sagebrush branches for the sweat house floor coverings.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Fiber, Mats, Rugs & Bedding
Boughs used in the sweat lodge as a mat for scrubbing the skin. The scrubbing mats prevented them from having body odor and made them feel fresh and clean.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Fiber, Snow Gear
Wood from young trees used to make snowshoe frames.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Food, Sweetener
Wild sugar gathered and eaten whenever possible.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Other, Ceremonial Items
Boughs used for scrubbing and purification by girls at puberty.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Other, Cooking Tools
Dry wood broken & placed in a thick layer above & below the food in the cooking pit & used as fuel.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Other, Cooking Tools
Peeled twig bundles used as whippers for soapberries.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Other, Fuel
Rotten wood used as fuel for smoking hides.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Other, Good Luck Charm
Boughs used as scrubbers by boys and girls at puberty because it would bring good luck. The branches were boiled for good luck and good health, either to drink or used as a wash.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Boughs used by hunters to scrub themselves before hunting so that the deer could not smell them.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Thompson Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Young saplings used to make dipnet hoops and handles.
Turner, Nancy J., Laurence C. Thompson and M. Terry Thompson et al., 1990, Thompson Ethnobotany: Knowledge and Usage of Plants by the Thompson Indians of British Columbia, Victoria. Royal British Columbia Museum, page 107
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Yuki Food, Substitution Food
Fresh leaves used as a substitute for coffee.
Chestnut, V. K., 1902, Plants Used by the Indians of Mendocino County, California, Contributions from the U.S. National Herbarium 7:295-408., page 309
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Yurok Food, Beverage
Young sprouts used to make tea.
Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48
Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco
Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEM
Yurok Food, Candy
Young sprouts used to chew.
Baker, Marc A., 1981, The Ethnobotany of the Yurok, Tolowa and Karok Indians of Northwest California, Humboldt State University, M.A. Thesis, page 48
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco
Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEG
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Blood Medicine
Decoction of first year growth shoots taken as an emetic for anemia.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco
Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEG
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid
Decoction of bark used for allergies caused by touching water hemlock.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco
Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEG
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Dermatological Aid
Infusion of boughs with other plants taken and used to wash the skin and hair during sweatbaths.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco
Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEG
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Emetic
Decoction of first year growth shoots taken as an emetic for high fevers and anemia.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco
Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEG
Okanagan-Colville Drug, Febrifuge
Decoction of first year growth shoots taken as an emetic for high fevers.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco
Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEG
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Building Material
Boughs used to cover the floor of the sweathouse.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco
Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEG
Okanagan-Colville Fiber, Building Material
Wood used to make teepee poles and spear shafts.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco
Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEG
Okanagan-Colville Food, Unspecified
White, crystalline sugar exuded from branches and eaten alone or with balsamroot seeds.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco
Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEG
Okanagan-Colville Food, Winter Use Food
White, crystalline sugar exuded from branches and stored for future use.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco
Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEG
Okanagan-Colville Other, Ceremonial Items
Boughs used by bereaved persons to scrub themselves as a purification ritual.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco
Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEG
Okanagan-Colville Other, Containers
Boughs used under a freshly killed deer while butchering it.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco
Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEG
Okanagan-Colville Other, Hunting & Fishing Item
Wood used to make teepee poles and spear shafts.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34
Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca (Beissn.) Franco
Rocky Mountain Douglas Fir
USDA PSMEG
Okanagan-Colville Other, Season Indicator
Pollen shedding cones used as an indication that ponderosa pine cambium was ripe.
Turner, Nancy J., R. Bouchard and Dorothy I.D. Kennedy, 1980, Ethnobotany of the Okanagan-Colville Indians of British Columbia and Washington, Victoria. British Columbia Provincial Museum, page 34